Students will create their own oil spill, try different methods for cleaning it up, and then discuss the merits of each method in terms of effectiveness cleanliness and cost. In essence it functioned very much like jtfak would have. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and cleanup in. Heavily utilized, public recreational sand beaches a manual removal with minimal clean sediment removal b mechanical removal with inkind sediment replacement o. This handson experiment provides students with an understanding of the issues that surround environmental cleanup. More details on notification and reporting requirements can be found in the spill guidance manual section 1. The hebei spirit oil spill hsos in december 7, 2007, was the worst oil spill recorded in korea, with the release of approximately 10,900 tons of crude oil and 375 km of coastline polluted along the west coast of korea. Keep spill response procedures and a wellstocked cache of supplies easily accessible. Safety and health awareness for oil spill cleanup workers. Mechanical and chemicalbiological spill response methods. The 1989 exxon valdez disaster in alaska is the first major oil spill i can remember, and the images of the recovery efforts. Mcinerney to coordinate military support for oil spill cleanup. Students had one semester to design and build an oil spill cleanup device. This information establishes the need for and the extent of cleanup state.
Seven technologies used to clean the gulf oil spill cbs news. Other response activities included burning the oil at the water surface and mechanically recovering it using skimmers or other equipment. The type of oil spilled affects cleanup methods, and different types of oil spills have different effects on wildlife and human habitats. Immediately after the spill, and based on the national contingency plan, the korean coast guard, together with associated.
In situ burning is the oldest technique used in oil spill cleanup and. Homeowner oil spill cleanup guide fall 2002, updated january 2004 1 introduction most properly maintained home heating oil systems never experience a release or spill. Oil spills usually refer to the release of oils into water, but of course an oil spill can take place on land as well. The report suggests several methods that have been used to clean up oil spills in the past, but notes that each carries individual risks and in most. Oil, will biodegrade over a period of time into simple compounds such as co2, water and biomass. The spill prevention and control methods listed in this section are based on approved spill control plans that columbia gas transmission, llc columba has used successfully in the past. Apr 24, 2019 spill response experts know that all of these methods are effective only when conditions are conducive to using them. Variables such as the type and amount of product spilled, and the aspects of the particular ecosystem where the spill occurs, are considered using net environmental benefit analysis neba. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger. Lucy nicholsonreuters cleanup of the santa barbara oil spill. Smallscale modeling of oil spill cleanup methods activity.
Niehs oil spill cleanup training tool 1 oil spill cleanup workers can face potential hazards from oil byproducts, dispersants, detergents and degreasers. About once every decade there is a major oil spill somewhere in the world the exxon valdez in 1989, the prestige in 2002, and the deepwater horizon in 2010 all come to mind. Understanding oil spills and oil spill response pdf epa. Causes, consequences, prevention, and countermeasures. Chapter 3, alternative countermeasures for oil spills us. Oil spills usually refer to the release of oils into water, but of course an oil spill can. There are many types of cleaning methods used for spills, including. Evaporation occurs when the lighter or more volatile substances within the oil mixture become vapors and. Oil properties and their impact on spill response options bsees. Post spill response procedures and equipment locations.
May 05, 2010 the oil spill at a bp drilling site in the gulf of mexico has morphed over two weeks from a horrific but localized accident to a fullscale environmental disaster. In situ burning involves the controlled burning of oil that has spilled from a vessel or a facility, at the location of the spill. These spills can do tremendous damage to the ecosystem in the area of the spill and can expand over vast regions to affect coastlines and indigenous wildlife hundreds of miles away. At the end of the semester final testing took place in a 20foot long water table, which was filled with water 6 inches deep. They will be asked to put themselves in the place of both an environmental engineer and an oil.
Best available techniques for oil spill containment and clean. For example, the spill is very large, the water may be too rough for other methods, or the spill may be too far away from land to use mechanical recovery equipment. Operation oil spill cleanup inquiry lab design your own offshore oil drilling and the use of supertankers for transporting oil pose the risk of oil spills. When a spill occurs, the prior planning and coordination of the national response system greatly enhances the speed and effectiveness of the response. The use of this technique could discourage illegal oil releases and. How to clean up oil spills on soil perth petroleum services. Drowning, heat illness and falls also pose hazards, as can encounters with insects, snakes and other wild species native to the impacted areas. Over the course of 87 days, the damaged macondo wellhead, located. Oil spills give rise to many problems throughout the world.
Pdf oil spills and sustainable cleanup approach researchgate. In the event of a major spill on soil, a different technique maybe more appropriate. How to clean up oil spills on soil once a spill has reached soil, gravel, pebbles or any broken ground, the control, containment and cleanup of the spill often becomes more difficult than a spill onto a hardstand. Inquiry lab operation oil spill cleanup ee in wisconsin. When a slick threatens to infiltrate coastal areas or worse, an oil spill occurs near a coastal area, as when a tanker runs aground or a refinery leaks the situation becomes even more dire. Containment of the spill to prevent it from reaching the water is typically the most effective action to reduce the spread of contamination and minimize overall threats to the environment. May 04, 2010 the animation provided by the american petroleum institute demonstrates different methods of oil spill cleanup. British petroleum bp, the company responsible for the spill, uses many different methods for oil cleanup, including booms, skimmers, absorbers, and dispersants. Transcript this transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100%. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and.
It should be followed by the oil spill cleanup lab. Hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation in the niger delta. Homeowner oil spill cleanup guide fall 2002, updated january 2004 3 before entering an enclosed area such as a basement where a significant heating oil release has occurred, make sure the area is ventilated. Although they may be used as the sole cleanup method in small spills, sorbents ar e most often. Spills can happen through accidents, such as an oil liner striking rocks that cut a hole in the hull, allowing oil to spill out. To be useful in combating oil spills, sorbents need to be both oleophilic and hydr ophobic waterrepellant. Remediation the soil when a spill occurs on soil, the first steps can. It will allow a quick and efficient surveillance and detection of oil spills that today is unthinkable.
Burning may be seen as a simple method which has the potential to remove large amounts of oil from the sea surface. Oil spill experiment, mary austin we have all heard about the news on oil spills and the devastating effects of this on mother earth and the marine life it supports. Containment booms were used to contain oil spilled during the 2010 deepwater horizon oil. Other oil cleanup methods other oil cleanup methods. Oil spill cleanup strategies and techniques quizlet. More buoyant oil traveled up through about a mile of water column and formed large surface slicks. For this particular oil spill, bp used a dispersant called corexit 9500. Cleaning the spill becomes trickier as well, and methods to deal with the oil must also be more delicate. Whenever possible, control and cleanup of an oil spill begins immediately.
Constant media attention on oil spills has created global awareness of their risks and the damage they do. An oil spill is an accidental release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons usually during transportation of oil into the environment. There is therefore a growing demand for green, facile and ecofriendly, lowcost sorbents from biopolymers for the treatment of oil spills and. Mechanical methods, including booms, absorbents, and physical barriers are the most frequently used response tools for cleanup and containment of spills on land. The cleaningup of oil spills is a very difficult and expensive activity. Spill response experts know that all of these methods are effective only when conditions are conducive to using them. Oil spill response authority is determined by the location of the spill.
Practically, all oil spill response methods have some environmental impacts, so selection of a cleanup method inherently necessitate some kind of tradeoff between the effects of the oil spill versus the side effects of the cleanup. May 12, 2014 2014 science fair project for scientific research and design. This field manual is intended for use by responders at an oil spill. Chapter 4, shoreline cleanup of oil spills us epa archive. They are asked to put themselves in the place of both environmental engineers and oil company owners. Oil spills can damage commercial and recreational fishing areas, spoil beaches, kill marine birds, mammals, and other aquatic life, and destroy shellfish communities. The wood chips are selected from the group consisting of airdried, kilndried, hot waxdried and hot oil dried wood chips having a water content of less than about 30% by weight. This guide includes information about response methods now used during oil spill responses in marine environment. The majority of viable oil recovery methods are largely focused on floating oils and shoreline cleanup. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling.
Oil spill treatment methods based on the oil recovery or oil dispersion. These droplets can also form a secondary slick or thin film on the surface of the water. Best available techniques for oil spill containment and cleanup in the mediterranean sea f. Mar 11, 2020 download the basics of oil spill cleanup pdf book free online from the basics of oil spill cleanup pdf. Oil spill cleanup methods for buzzards bay shoreline cleanup methods list approved for use for the bouchard no. Student teams create their own oil spills, try different methods for cleaning them up, and then discuss the merits of each method in terms of effectiveness cleanliness and cost. It is important to realize that oil spill response should be considered in terms. Oil spills on water and land may be contained and cleaned by the process of applying wood chips in direct contact with the spilled oil. The historical perspectives show a gap of 12 years between oil production and environmental policies that would guide and enforce cleanup and remediation. Biological methods bioremediation and phytoremediation have received considerable attention during the last few years as the most promising and environmentally benign technique for effective cleanup of crude oil contaminated soil. When conducted properly, in situ burning significantly reduces the amount of oil on the water and minimizes the adverse effect of oil on the environment.
This lecture gives students an overview of the equipment, procedures, and strategies used in oil spill response. When an oil spill occurs, responders consider factors such as oil toxicity, rate of oil spreading, and length of time for oil to break down. The impact on the ecosystem in an area can be severe as well as the impact on economic activities. When oil is spilled into water containing a layer or chunks of ice. But we, who do not get to witness these effects on a first hand basis, do not understand the degree of impact of such incidents.
The basics of oil spill cleanup pdf download free ebooks. The paper examines hydrocarbon oil spill cleanup and remediation from four perspectives namely historical, regulatory, scientific, and socioeconomic considerations. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. More information about spill containment methods in situ burning. Develop and prepare countermeasures to contain, clean up, and mitigate the effects of an oil spill. Oil spill cleanup methods used by the anto districts local community.
An exploration of methods that can be used to clean up an oil spill. Although they may be used as the sole cleanup method in small spills, sorbents are most often used to remove final traces of oil, or in areas that. Guidi2 1department of technical physics, sapienza university of rome, italy 2enea, department of fusion and nuclear technologies, italy abstract an oil spill is the accidental or intentional release of petroleum products into the. This lesson builds on the fate of spilled oil although it may also stand alone. The type of cleanup described in these notes is for a minor spill few litres to a medium spill 1500 litres of oil or fuel. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. There are basically four ways to cleanup oil spills. When a leak, spill or other release of heating oil occurs at your home, you may not know what to do. Existing dispersantschemical herders are chemically stable, but nonbiodegradable so remain longer in the marine environment. Background oil spill cleanup and remediation, like most environmental issues in the niger delta have many dimensions which include historical, regulatory, scientific, socioeconomic and political considerations. Feb 08, 2019 in situ burning, or isb, is a technique sometimes used by people responding to an oil spill. If the oil spill can be controlled, it is less likely that it will reach sensitive freshwater or marine habitats. Factors affecting cleanup decisions frequently, oil spills will start on land and r each shore areas. Cleanup methods buzzards bay national estuary program.
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